Representation is the way in which the media portrays particular groups, communities, experiences, ideas or topics from a particular ideological or value perspective. It is how it is presented to the audience, representations can change or adapt over time.
Laura Mulvey’s theory does not apply to an extent to the music video “The Nights, Avicii” as this video focuses on a male protagonist. Women are very rarely seen in this video, only in the background or for a very short split second, the only sighting of a woman in this music video is when the artist is talking about family, “He took me in his arms, I heard him say…” The woman shown is quite attractive however she does not play a huge role in the video as she is only shown for a split second. The audience does not have the time to take in her as a person within the video as the main focus on this section is on the father. This supports Mulveys theory in that women are not there as a valid role in the media text. It shows that the woman in this video is not playing a valid part in the narrative the vlogging style video is very quick therefore each clip lasts only a few seconds.
Richard Dyers Theory suggests that that the viewer’s perception of a film is heavily influenced by the perception of its stars. Richard Dyer said “stars are commodities that are produced by the institution” he also says that a “star represents and embody certain ideologies”. This suggests that icons and celebrities are constructed by institutions for financial gain. A star is an image not a real person. There are four components of the star theory, firstly stars as constructs. They are artificial images, even when they are presented as real people experiencing real emotions. Their representation may be metonymic, image associated. Pop stars have an advantage over film stars as their constructed image is more consistent over a period of time. Another component of the star theory is audience and institution; the stars are manufactured by the industry to make money. They use stars to promote certain ideologies, shared cultures, beliefs and values to the audience. The third component is ideology and culture, they represent shared culture, values and beliefs that promotes a certain ideology about themselves as an artist and what they want the audience to see what they believe in. conveying their beliefs and opinions outside of music and film helps a celebrity create a star persona. The last component of the star theory is character and personality. Stars provide audiences with ideas of what people are supposed to be like. This leads to the audiences wanting to conform to be like these constructions. Based on what the audience want to consume they promote an image that they feel is desirable. A star is a construct of what the audience wants to consume. Richard Dyer also created the paradox of the star, there are two paradoxes, and the star is ordinary and extraordinary. The stars needs to be ordinary so that the audience can relate to the star and have a connection however they also need to have something we do not have in order to deem them special enough to be stars. In order for stars to be established the artist or brand have to make an audience want to carry on consuming them. A tactic used by the institutions is to create an image or motif to create profit and identity.
The star of the music video, the Nights by Avicii is a well known You Tuber who is known for exploring and being adventurous. He has 24,157 subscribers and counting. He represents being young and living life to the full not letting anything get in his way. This shows that the idea of teenage years is adapting giving people a longer childhood in order to explore themselves and the world around them before settling down to work. This shows how society has changed as before there was no such thing as a childhood as soon as children were able to work they were sent off to work in the factories. This shows how society has changed over the years.
Tessa Perkins theory is stereotyping, she argues that stereotyping is not a simple process, it contains a number of assumptions that can be challenged. Tessa Perkins identifies five assumptions.Stereotypes are not always negative, people assume stereotypes to always be negative for example thugs or chav's, however they are not. There are positive stereotypes as well for example over achievers. This shows that we can both positive and negative stereotypes in our society. The second assumption is that they are not always about minority groups or the less powerful. We make stereotypes about upper or middle class as well as the working class. Assumptions can be made about anybody. The third assumption is that they can be held about ones own group, this means that within our own group we stereotyped people even though we all belong to the same institution and hold the same ideologies as a whole, within the group we stereotype based on our assumptions. This makes each of us feel part of the larger community. The fourth assumption is that they are not rigid or unchanging. Once a stereotype has being created about a person it is very hard to change it, however Perkins states that stereotypes can change and evolve over time for example Miley Cyrus. She used to have an innocent and respectable representation and she was labeled as a good girl however she has changed her image and now is known as quite the opposite as a bad girl who does what she wants when she wants. The last assumption is that stereotypes are not always false, they have to have some truth in them, we witness and read many stories in the media which help us shape and understand these stereotypes. People can judge how other will behave or act towards others from the stereotype that they are given . Sometimes this can be wrong or negative, for example the older generation usually judge the younger generation to be quite troublesome however this is not true for all younger people.
In the music video the nights, the stereotype that can be applied to the performer in this video, is that he is in a youth group as he is young but within that group he would fit into the surfer cool guys category i think this because of the way that he is dressed and the way that he is so chilled about everything. He represents the typical young male as he is quite childish and reckless. As he seems a reckless people we would associate him to doing dangerous things in which are shown within the video. For example cliff jumping, wakeboarding, parachuting and so much more. This shows that he is living while he is young and making memories that will last forever. He is also seen as a big family man as the whole song is all about his dad telling him that he should live life to the full. There is more than one stereotype that can be linked to the performer. I think that this performer has being used in the video to help young youths relate to the song and artist.
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